"kramp" meaning in All languages combined

See kramp on Wiktionary

Noun [Dutch]

Audio: Nl-kramp.ogg Forms: krampen [plural], krampje [diminutive, neuter]
Rhymes: -ɑmp Etymology: From Middle Dutch crampe, from Old Dutch *crampo, from Frankish *krampa, from Proto-Germanic *krampô, related to *krampō. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|crampe}} Middle Dutch crampe, {{inh|nl|odt|*crampo}} Old Dutch *crampo, {{inh|nl|frk|*krampa}} Frankish *krampa, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*krampô}} Proto-Germanic *krampô Head templates: {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} kramp f (plural krampen, diminutive krampje n)
  1. cramp Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-kramp-nl-noun-KwliGUUX Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Adjective [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz. A derivative of *krimpan. Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*krampaz|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Germanic *krampaz, {{inh+|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*krampaz}} Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|adjective}} *kramp Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-adj}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kramp [masculine, nominative, singular], krampu [feminine, nominative, singular], kramp [neuter, nominative, singular], krampanā [accusative, masculine, singular], krampā [accusative, feminine, singular], kramp [accusative, neuter, singular], krampas [genitive, masculine, singular], krampeʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], krampas [genitive, neuter, singular], krampumē [dative, masculine, singular], krampeʀē [dative, feminine, singular], krampumē [dative, neuter, singular], krampu [instrumental, masculine, singular], krampeʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], krampu [instrumental, neuter, singular], krampē [masculine, nominative, plural], krampō [feminine, nominative, plural], krampu [neuter, nominative, plural], krampā [accusative, masculine, plural], krampā [accusative, feminine, plural], krampu [accusative, neuter, plural], krampeʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], krampeʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], krampeʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], krampēm [dative, masculine, plural], krampum [dative, masculine, plural], krampēm [dative, feminine, plural], krampum [dative, feminine, plural], krampēm [dative, neuter, plural], krampum [dative, neuter, plural], krampēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], krampum [instrumental, masculine, plural], krampēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], krampum [feminine, instrumental, plural], krampēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], krampum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. crooked, bent Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: krampō, krump
    Sense id: en-kramp-gmw-pro-adj-iM0TQOkW Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Serbo-Croatian]

IPA: /krâmp/
Etymology: Borrowed from German Krampe, from Low German and Middle Low German krampe, from Old Saxon krampo, from or related to Proto-Germanic *krampō. Also compare German Krempe. First attested in the 18th century. Etymology templates: {{bor+|sh|de|Krampe}} Borrowed from German Krampe, {{der|sh|nds|-}} Low German, {{der|sh|gml|krampe}} Middle Low German krampe, {{der|sh|osx|krampo}} Old Saxon krampo, {{der|sh|gem-pro|*krampō}} Proto-Germanic *krampō, {{cog|de|Krempe}} German Krempe, {{etydate|18th century}} First attested in the 18th century Head templates: {{sh-noun|krȁmp|m-in}} krȁmp m inan (Cyrillic spelling кра̏мп) Forms: krȁmp [canonical, inanimate, masculine], кра̏мп [Cyrillic], no-table-tags [table-tags], krȁmp [nominative, singular], kràmpovi [nominative, plural], krampa [genitive, singular], krampova [genitive, plural], krampu [dative, singular], krampovima [dative, plural], kramp [accusative, singular], krampove [accusative, plural], krampe [singular, vocative], krampovi [plural, vocative], krampu [locative, singular], krampovima [locative, plural], krampom [instrumental, singular], krampovima [instrumental, plural]
  1. pickaxe
    Sense id: en-kramp-sh-noun-BnHqwFGP Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Swedish]

Etymology: From Middle Low German krampe (whence Norwegian krampe and Danish krampe), from Old Saxon krampo, from Proto-Germanic *krampō, from Proto-Indo-European *grem-. Etymology templates: {{der|sv|gml|krampe}} Middle Low German krampe, {{cog|no|krampe}} Norwegian krampe, {{cog|da|krampe}} Danish krampe, {{der|sv|osx|krampo}} Old Saxon krampo, {{der|sv|gem-pro|*krampō}} Proto-Germanic *krampō, {{der|sv|ine-pro|*grem-}} Proto-Indo-European *grem- Head templates: {{head|sv|nouns||||g=c|g2=|g3=|g4=|head=|sort=}} kramp c, {{sv-noun|c}} kramp c Inflection templates: {{sv-infl-noun-c-er}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kramp [indefinite, nominative, singular], kramps [genitive, indefinite, singular], krampen [definite, nominative, singular], krampens [definite, genitive, singular], kramper [indefinite, nominative, plural], krampers [genitive, indefinite, plural], kramperna [definite, nominative, plural], krampernas [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. cramp, cramps Tags: common-gender Derived forms: krampanfall, kärlkramp, skrivkramp, stelkramp
    Sense id: en-kramp-sv-noun-rlvYQkbr Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Swedish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "brc",
      "word": "krampu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
      "lang_code": "hns",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "krampu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "keram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Papiamentu",
      "lang_code": "pap",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Papiamentu",
      "lang_code": "pap",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kramp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "crampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*crampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *crampo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*krampa"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampô",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch crampe, from Old Dutch *crampo, from Frankish *krampa, from Proto-Germanic *krampô, related to *krampō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "krampen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kramp f (plural krampen, diminutive krampje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cramp"
      ],
      "id": "en-kramp-nl-noun-KwliGUUX",
      "links": [
        [
          "cramp",
          "cramp"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kramp.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Nl-kramp.ogg/Nl-kramp.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Nl-kramp.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑmp"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from German Krampe",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "nds",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German krampe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "krampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krampo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Krempe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Krempe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "18th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 18th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Krampe, from Low German and Middle Low German krampe, from Old Saxon krampo, from or related to Proto-Germanic *krampō. Also compare German Krempe. First attested in the 18th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "krȁmp",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кра̏мп",
      "links": [
        [
          "кра̏мп",
          "крамп"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krȁmp",
      "links": [
        [
          "krȁmp",
          "kramp#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kràmpovi",
      "links": [
        [
          "kràmpovi",
          "krampovi#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krȁmp",
        "2": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "krȁmp m inan (Cyrillic spelling кра̏мп)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pickaxe"
      ],
      "id": "en-kramp-sh-noun-BnHqwFGP",
      "links": [
        [
          "pickaxe",
          "pickaxe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/krâmp/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German krampe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian krampe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish krampe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "krampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krampo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*grem-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German krampe (whence Norwegian krampe and Danish krampe), from Old Saxon krampo, from Proto-Germanic *krampō, from Proto-Indo-European *grem-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramps",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramper",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramperna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampernas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "g4": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kramp c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "kramp c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "krampanfall"
        },
        {
          "word": "kärlkramp"
        },
        {
          "word": "skrivkramp"
        },
        {
          "word": "stelkramp"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "get cramps",
          "text": "få kramp",
          "translation": "get cramps",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has a cramp in one of his legs",
          "text": "Han har kramp i ena benet",
          "translation": "He has a cramp in one of his legs",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cramp, cramps"
      ],
      "id": "en-kramp-sv-noun-rlvYQkbr",
      "links": [
        [
          "cramp",
          "cramp"
        ],
        [
          "cramps",
          "cramps"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "cramp"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*cramp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "krampf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz. A derivative of *krimpan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*kramp",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kramp",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crooked, bent"
      ],
      "id": "en-kramp-gmw-pro-adj-iM0TQOkW",
      "links": [
        [
          "crooked",
          "crooked"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "krampō"
        },
        {
          "word": "krump"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "brc",
      "word": "krampu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
      "lang_code": "hns",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "krampu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "keram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Papiamentu",
      "lang_code": "pap",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kram"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Papiamentu",
      "lang_code": "pap",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kramp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "crampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*crampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *crampo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*krampa"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampô",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch crampe, from Old Dutch *crampo, from Frankish *krampa, from Proto-Germanic *krampô, related to *krampō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "krampen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kramp f (plural krampen, diminutive krampje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch ablauted verbal nouns",
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch feminine nouns",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch nouns",
        "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
        "Dutch nouns with red links in their headword lines",
        "Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
        "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑmp",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑmp/1 syllable"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cramp"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cramp",
          "cramp"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kramp.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Nl-kramp.ogg/Nl-kramp.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Nl-kramp.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑmp"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "cramp"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*cramp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "krampf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krampaz. A derivative of *krimpan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*kramp",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kramp",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "krampō"
    },
    {
      "word": "krump"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crooked, bent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crooked",
          "crooked"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from German Krampe",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "nds",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German krampe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "krampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krampo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Krempe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Krempe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "18th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 18th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Krampe, from Low German and Middle Low German krampe, from Old Saxon krampo, from or related to Proto-Germanic *krampō. Also compare German Krempe. First attested in the 18th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "krȁmp",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кра̏мп",
      "links": [
        [
          "кра̏мп",
          "крамп"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krȁmp",
      "links": [
        [
          "krȁmp",
          "kramp#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kràmpovi",
      "links": [
        [
          "kràmpovi",
          "krampovi#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krȁmp",
        "2": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "krȁmp m inan (Cyrillic spelling кра̏мп)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Serbo-Croatian inanimate nouns",
        "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
        "Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns",
        "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
        "Serbo-Croatian nouns",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from German",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Low German",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Middle Low German",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Old Saxon",
        "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pickaxe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pickaxe",
          "pickaxe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/krâmp/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "krampanfall"
    },
    {
      "word": "kärlkramp"
    },
    {
      "word": "skrivkramp"
    },
    {
      "word": "stelkramp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German krampe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian krampe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "krampe"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish krampe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "krampo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krampo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krampō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*grem-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Low German krampe (whence Norwegian krampe and Danish krampe), from Old Saxon krampo, from Proto-Germanic *krampō, from Proto-Indo-European *grem-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramp",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramps",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramper",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kramperna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krampernas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "c",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "g4": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kramp c",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "kramp c",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Swedish common-gender nouns",
        "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swedish lemmas",
        "Swedish nouns",
        "Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
        "Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
        "Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Swedish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "get cramps",
          "text": "få kramp",
          "translation": "get cramps",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has a cramp in one of his legs",
          "text": "Han har kramp i ena benet",
          "translation": "He has a cramp in one of his legs",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cramp, cramps"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cramp",
          "cramp"
        ],
        [
          "cramps",
          "cramps"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kramp"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kramp meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1896",
  "msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, kramp/Serbo-Croatian section declension",
  "path": [
    "kramp"
  ],
  "section": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "kramp",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.